There are as many mechanisms as there are ways to share files. Please be more specific.
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File system in OS provide the way to create and access the files. How the memory is allocated to files and how the addresses are saved regarding to each file. All this is about the address translation and calculation for files.
There are no folders within a file. Files are within a folder.
No. Many operating systems do no even have a GUI. Such systems usually use text files to change / set settings. Among systems that have a GUI, at least optionally, there is usually a control panel or a similar menu to change settings.
The system software that manages the activities of a network is called a Network Operating System (NOS). A NOS controls how devices communicate, manages shared resources like files and printers, handles user access, and ensures data is transferred securely across the network. Examples include Windows Server, Linux-based systems, and Unix. It plays a key role in keeping the network organized, secure, and efficient.
A computer's operating system can be compared to an executive manager; it manages all of the hardware and software. It allows the user to access and modify files, use external devices, and run software.