What does abab eded efef gg represents?

Answer 1

It is the rhyme scheme of a Shakespearean Sonnet. Each letter stands for a rhyme. For example, a limerick

There once was a fellow named John

Who walked around with nothing on

But when the snow fell

It was frosty as Hell

And before spring that fellow was gone.

has the rhyme scheme aabba: "a" represents the rhymes of "John-on-gone" and "b" represents the rhymes of "fell-Hell"

The scheme abab represents a quatrain like

There is no thing I better like to do

Than sit and watch the sun complete its round

Arising in the morning bright and new

And in the evening sett'ling to the ground.

Here "a" represents the rhymes of "do-new" and "b" the rhymes of "round-ground". There are three such quatrains in a Shakespearean sonnet.