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a set of programs
Distributed Operating System (DOS)
In computing, a distributed system is a system that works in different locations or work using separate processing or processors to their jobs, often simultaneously. Data can be stored in different locations in a distributed database, although a user won't know it. The data will appear on their screen when they access, so they are unaware of its location. Networks use distributed systems to link up systems that work together but are in separate locations. If there are full copies of data in various locations, then if one location gets damaged or inaccessible, the system can still function. This makes data and systems more secure.
On a computer network, operating systems communicate with each other. In a distributed operating system, a single OS is communicating with itself across multiple machines.
User-level threads have the advantage of being lightweight and can be managed without kernel intervention, allowing for faster thread switching. However, they are limited in their ability to utilize multiple processors efficiently and can be blocked by system calls made by a single thread. Kernel-level threads, on the other hand, offer better performance on multi-core systems and can take advantage of kernel features, but they are heavier in terms of resource consumption and switching between threads can be slower due to kernel involvement.