"Types" of Linux are Called Linux Distributions. Linux by itself is only a kernel, you need more than that for a full system, to get this, distro's were develpoed to include all of this to make a Linux system easier to install. Popular Distro's Are Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, RHEL, Linux Mint, Arch Linux, OpenSUSE, etc, you can find more at distrowatch
Linux is not "based" on anything per se. Its kernel is all original code and the software included in the average Linux distribution is non-centric to a given system. However. Linux is inspired by and readily identified as being "related" to UNIX, to the point many Linux users consider it to be UNIX.
There are many different type of Linux operating systems available. These are called distributions (or distros.) Some of them are-Debian and it's derivatives such as ubuntufedora which is good for systems with simple and small computer system (or oldcomputer system) because of it's limited system requirements.Another Linux distribution is OpenSUSE which largely used in it organizations and sponsored by Novell.Many more Linux versions are available such as Linux mint, slackware and others. Best to check out this site below:
Linux Mint to learn. Ubuntu for gamers/programmers & Kali Linux for penetration testers and hackers.
Kernel, but I guess when you will learn, you will have to switch (Ubuntu for programmers and gamers and Kali Linux for penetration testers and hackers)
Arch Linux was created on 2002-03-11.
Linux Security Tool Distribution (STD) is really good.
The latest Arch Linux release as of June 15, 2009 is 2009.2.
Yes and no.Yes in the sense that Ubuntu is just like any other Linux distribution. It *is* a Linux distribution. So to say that Ubuntu is not Linux is inaccurate.It's NOT the same as Linux in that Ubuntu is a DISTRIBUTION of Linux, not the Linux operating system itself. The Linux operating system, as I like to define it, is the kernel, the drivers, and the kernelspace it provides.I have often seen more and more Ubuntu users who seem to not recognize the relationship of Ubuntu and Linux. The only other Linux "sphere" worse in this regard in recognizing that it is Linux is Android, also Linux, but between how Google markets it and the kind of userspace it has so many people don't often recognize Android as Linux either. Short answer is that Ubuntu is Linux. As is Arch, Red Hat, SuSE, Fedora, Gentoo, Android, WebOS, your router firmware, Tivo firmware, or Debian.
Yes. BackTrack is a Linux distribution that focuses on penetration testing and computer forensics.
There is nothing that stops one from configuring Arch Linux to function as a server. It is not equipped to function as one in a default installation
Yes.
No, Ubuntu is part of Linux.
BT4 is the most complete Linux distribution with Pentesting tools preinstalled but you still need some knowledge.
Ubuntu is a Linux distribution (as in a specific OS setup with the Linux kernel.)
Yes.
Scientific Linux is a Linux distribution. It is a free and open source operating system and aims to be as close to the commercial enterprise distribution as possible.