Payroll Deductions
The term "when one person surpasses another" means that one person has overtaken another. It also means that one person does something better than another.
In computing terms another term for file could be document.
Another term for mapmaker is "cartographer".
"Numeral" is another term for "number."
Backup withholding is an investment term. Essentially, it means federal income tax that is withheld by a bank when it does not have the account holder's Social Security number on file.
Withholding means that employer is taking funds out of the check for taxes.
Taxable incomes
The term that refers to originating within another is allogeneic. It is a medical term that is used in transplantation biology.
An Income Withholding for Support Order
An Income Withholding for Support Order
Payroll Deductions
Irony
If by expanded withholding tax you mean "backup withholding" applicable to only certain people/Cos (especially foreign), yes. I've never hear of the term you used.
Substitute
allogenic
Circumnavigate is another word for the term "Sail around the world."