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Yes, surprisingly is an adverb, a word that modifies a verb; for example: I was very nervous but the performance surprisingly wentsmoothly.
No, it is an adverb. It means in an unexpected way.
No. The phrase "above the surface" is a prepositional phrase which could be used as an adverb. It has a preposition, an article, and a noun, but no adverb.
No, it is not an adverb. Crossed is a verb form. It may form a participial phrase which would likely be an adjective phrase.
Adverbs that modify other adverbs may be either adverbs of manner (e.g. surprisingly well) or of degree (very quickly, too far, exceptionally high, almost always). Adverbs of time or place seldom modify other adverbs.