Aquaporins.
Urea is a solute that can cross the cell membrane freely. When red blood cells are in an isosmotic solution of urea, water from the cell will move out due to the urea concentration, causing the cell to shrink and eventually lyse.
Penetrating solutes are molecules that can cross a membrane barrier easily due to their chemical properties, such as size and lipophilicity. Examples include urea, ethanol, and acetone. These solutes can equilibrate across cell membranes rapidly, impacting cell function and osmotic balance.
size and shape. cell membranes are selectively permeable, so only some molecules can get through. (i.e. water can go through, but starch cant) Polarity and size.
Diffusion too.
there are many different types of mechanisms that can make thing cross cell membranes two of these are by diffusing and active transport.
Aquaporins.
Urea is a solute that can cross the cell membrane freely. When red blood cells are in an isosmotic solution of urea, water from the cell will move out due to the urea concentration, causing the cell to shrink and eventually lyse.
Penetrating solutes are molecules that can cross a membrane barrier easily due to their chemical properties, such as size and lipophilicity. Examples include urea, ethanol, and acetone. These solutes can equilibrate across cell membranes rapidly, impacting cell function and osmotic balance.
Urea is industrially obtained from ammonia and carbon dioxide.
cross our cell membranes
mass
size and shape. cell membranes are selectively permeable, so only some molecules can get through. (i.e. water can go through, but starch cant) Polarity and size.
you cant cross the galaxcy!
Ions and large molecules
Diffusion too.
Urea disrupts hydrogen bonding and denatures proteins, helping to break down cell membranes and release cellular contents during lysis. It also helps to solubilize proteins by disrupting non-covalent interactions, aiding in protein extraction and purification.