Tempering is done to reduce the hardness and brittleness of the steel that results from the quench hardening process. It helps to improve the steel's toughness, ductility, and overall machinability, making it more suitable for various applications. Tempering also helps to relieve internal stresses and reduce the risk of cracking or failure.
Hardness Brinell values provide information on the hardness of a material based on the indentation it makes when a predetermined force is applied. Higher Brinell values indicate a harder material, while lower values indicate a softer material. It is a useful metric for comparing the relative hardness of different materials.
The tempering temperature for class 12.9 fasteners (such as bolts and screws) is 380°C to achieve the desired combination of hardness and toughness in the material. This specific temperature helps to refine and balance the microstructure of the steel, improving its mechanical properties and performance under load. Deviating from this recommended tempering temperature can lead to suboptimal properties in the fasteners.
To make a hammer, the main heat treatment processes involved are heat treating for hardening and tempering. The hammer head is heated to a specific temperature for hardening, then quenched in a cooling medium to achieve the desired hardness. Tempering is then done by reheating the hardened hammer head to a lower temperature to improve toughness and reduce brittleness.
Hardness is valuable because it helps in mineral identification by determining resistance to scratching. Minerals with higher hardness values can scratch minerals with lower hardness values, aiding in their classification. Hardness also indicates the strength and durability of a mineral, making it useful for industrial and practical applications.
approx. 50 HRC after hardening and tempering
to reduce hardness to prevent the material from becoming brittle
Tempering is done to reduce the hardness and brittleness of the steel that results from the quench hardening process. It helps to improve the steel's toughness, ductility, and overall machinability, making it more suitable for various applications. Tempering also helps to relieve internal stresses and reduce the risk of cracking or failure.
when ductility increase hardness decrease
because it removes the tempering(hardness) of the object, generally on the surface, and makes it easier to work the metal without ruining your tools or "work" hardening the surface.
Hardness Brinell values provide information on the hardness of a material based on the indentation it makes when a predetermined force is applied. Higher Brinell values indicate a harder material, while lower values indicate a softer material. It is a useful metric for comparing the relative hardness of different materials.
Tempering. Removes carbon atoms, making the material softer and more ductile at the expense of hardness.
The tempering temperature for class 12.9 fasteners (such as bolts and screws) is 380°C to achieve the desired combination of hardness and toughness in the material. This specific temperature helps to refine and balance the microstructure of the steel, improving its mechanical properties and performance under load. Deviating from this recommended tempering temperature can lead to suboptimal properties in the fasteners.
The Tempering was created in 1983.
The Tempering has 198 pages.
The ISBN of The Tempering is 0-8991-9152-5.
Tempering