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DNA is heated initially in a process called denaturation to break the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs, causing the double-stranded DNA to separate into single strands. This is a crucial step in techniques like PCR as it allows the primers and DNA polymerase to access the DNA for replication.

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Q: Why is the DNA heated initially?
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Where is the DNA placed in gel electrophoresis apparatus?

The DNA is loaded into wells at one end of the gel in gel electrophoresis apparatus. When an electric current is applied, the DNA is separated based on size as it moves through the gel towards the opposite end.


What is the process used for DNA Sequencing?

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The laboratory procedure for copying selected segments of DNA is?

The laboratory procedure for copying selected segments of DNA is called polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In PCR, the DNA template is heated to separate the DNA strands, then specific primers are added to initiate replication by a DNA polymerase enzyme. The process is repeated multiple times to amplify the DNA segments of interest.


Did the Swiss chemist Friedrich Miescher isolated DNA from fish sperm and the pus of open wounds?

Yes, Friedrich Miescher isolated a substance from the nuclei of white blood cells found in pus, which he initially called "nuclein." Later research has confirmed that this substance is DNA. Miescher did not isolate DNA from fish sperm specifically, but his work laid the foundation for the discovery of DNA as the genetic material in cells.


How does Polymerase Chain Reaction work?

Polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, is a laboratory technique used to make multiple copies of a segment of DNA. PCR is very precise and can be used to amplify, or copy, a specific DNA target from a mixture of DNA molecules.