The trochlear nerve is also known as cranial nerve IV (CN-IV). It is the only cranial nerve that emerges dorsally from the brain, which also makes it the longest pathway. It is the smallest nerve to service the eye. CN-IV passes through superior orbital fissure, and it provides for only a motor function. It serves the superior oblique eye muscle and connects to the annular tendon. As a result, it processes brain signals to move eyes up and down and outwards. Whether due to a head injury or a complication of surgery, damage to this nerve will compromise some ability to use the superior oblique eye muscle. Without the use of the nerve, the superior oblique eye muscle will not no longer function properly. The muscle, not the trochlear nerve, physically moves the eyeball. Double vision, otherwise known as diplopia, results from problems with muscle or the nerve. Complications from these issues will result in a diminished ability to walk, especially down stairs.
== == The plantaris has a short muscle belly, but the longest tendon in the body. Its belly lies at an oblique angle along the popliteal space of the posterior knee between the gastrocnemius heads; its tendon extends down the length of the leg and attaches to the calcaneus. It arises from the Lateral condyle of the femur and inserts at the calcaneus.
The tendon that passes through the pyramid of the middle ear is the tendon of the stapedius muscle. This muscle is responsible for dampening excessive vibrations of the stapes bone, helping to protect the inner ear from loud sounds.
The Achilles tendon inserts into the calcaneus, which is the heel bone. It is the largest and strongest tendon in the body, connecting the calf muscles to the heel.
Another name for bowed tendon is a tendonitis or tendon strain.
superior oblique
The trochlear nerve is also known as cranial nerve IV (CN-IV). It is the only cranial nerve that emerges dorsally from the brain, which also makes it the longest pathway. It is the smallest nerve to service the eye. CN-IV passes through superior orbital fissure, and it provides for only a motor function. It serves the superior oblique eye muscle and connects to the annular tendon. As a result, it processes brain signals to move eyes up and down and outwards. Whether due to a head injury or a complication of surgery, damage to this nerve will compromise some ability to use the superior oblique eye muscle. Without the use of the nerve, the superior oblique eye muscle will not no longer function properly. The muscle, not the trochlear nerve, physically moves the eyeball. Double vision, otherwise known as diplopia, results from problems with muscle or the nerve. Complications from these issues will result in a diminished ability to walk, especially down stairs.
Bone spur
brown's syndrome is characterized by defects and errors in eye movement. Some people may be born with this disorder (congenital) or the disorder may be secondary (e.g. to inflammation). Brown syndrome is caused by a malfunction of the superior oblique tendon sheath. This effect causes the eye to have difficulty moving upward, particularly during adduction.
The gastrocnemius muscle is located in the posterior, or back part of the lower leg. The calcaneal tendon, more commonly known as the Achilles Tendon, is what connects the gastrocnemius muscle to the calcaneus bone.
A full thickness distal tear of the supraspinatus tendon is a complete tear that extends through the entire thickness of the tendon where it attaches to the humerus bone in the shoulder. This type of tear can result in pain, weakness, and limited range of motion in the shoulder, and may require surgical repair to restore function.
== == The plantaris has a short muscle belly, but the longest tendon in the body. Its belly lies at an oblique angle along the popliteal space of the posterior knee between the gastrocnemius heads; its tendon extends down the length of the leg and attaches to the calcaneus. It arises from the Lateral condyle of the femur and inserts at the calcaneus.
The tendon that passes through the pyramid of the middle ear is the tendon of the stapedius muscle. This muscle is responsible for dampening excessive vibrations of the stapes bone, helping to protect the inner ear from loud sounds.
The Achilles tendon inserts into the calcaneus, which is the heel bone. It is the largest and strongest tendon in the body, connecting the calf muscles to the heel.
The plantaris, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles attach (via the Achilles tendon) to the superior aspect of the tuber calcanei.
The biceps tendon is torn all the way through, and the biceps has pulled the broken end away from the shoulder.
The long thin tendon commonly used for tendon transplants is the flexor tendon from the hamstring muscle, known as the "semitendinosus" tendon.