Mercury has almost no atmosphere to trap heat. It has a very slow rotation so night lasts for many (earth) days, and in the long darkness without air, the heat radiates away rapidly.
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Mercury has a thin atmosphere that cannot retain heat well. During the day, its surface gets extremely hot due to its proximity to the sun, but at night, it rapidly cools down as it lacks the atmosphere to trap the heat. This results in a large temperature difference between day and night on Mercury.
In our solar system, because of the lack of moderating effect of a thick atmosphere, and its proximity to the Sun, the planet Mercury has the largest temperature range between the day and night sides. The side facing the sun gets as hot as 430 C, the side facing away, as low as -173 C.
Bloody hot in the day and hot at night
Mercury's temperature can range from about -290 degrees Fahrenheit (-179 degrees Celsius) at night to around 800 degrees Fahrenheit (427 degrees Celsius) during the day due to the lack of atmosphere to retain heat. This extreme temperature difference is due to its thin atmosphere and proximity to the sun.
350 degrees in the day time 170 degrees in the night time
The temperature range of the planet Mercury is approximately -275 to 840 degrees Fahrenheit.