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The type of rock typical of island arcs is andesite. Andesite is an intermediate volcanic rock that is commonly found in volcanic arcs where oceanic crust subducts beneath continental crust, forming magma that eventually erupts to create volcanic islands.
The mantle primarily contains mafic magma, which is rich in iron and magnesium. Felsic magma, which is rich in silica, is more commonly found in areas associated with continental crust or in volcanic arcs.
When oceanic plates collide and slide under continental plates, they can form volcanic mountain ranges called continental volcanic arcs. These arcs result from the melting of the descending oceanic plate, which then feeds magma to the Earth's surface. Examples include the Andes in South America and the Cascades in North America.
Dacite is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma with a high silica content. This magma typically originates from partial melting of the Earth's crust, often associated with subduction zones or continental volcanic arcs. As the magma rises to the surface and cools, dacite is one of the volcanic rock types that can be produced.
Granite is an igneous rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of magma deep within the Earth's crust. This type of magma is typically associated with continental volcanic arcs or intrusions, rather than volcanic eruptions at the surface.