In adiabatic process heat is neither added nor removed from the system. So the work done by the system (expansion) in adiabatic process will result in decrease of internal energy of that system (From I st law). As internal energy is directly proportional to the change in temperature there will be temperature drop in an adiabatic process.
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Processes that release energy are defined as exothermic. Processes that absorb energy are termed endothermic.
It is called adiabatic or an adiabatic process.
The Carnot cycle consists of two adiabatic processes, where there is no heat transfer, and two isothermal processes, where temperature remains constant. The adiabatic processes involve compression or expansion of the gas without heat exchange, while the isothermal processes occur at constant temperature with heat exchange. This combination allows the Carnot cycle to achieve maximum efficiency in a heat engine.
The rate of adiabatic temperature change in saturated air is approximately 0.55°C per 100 meters of elevation gain, known as the dry adiabatic lapse rate. If the air is saturated and undergoing adiabatic cooling, the rate is around 0.5°C per 100 meters, referred to as the saturated adiabatic lapse rate.
"Adiabatic process" refers to processes that take place in a closed system with no heat interaction with it's surroundings. "Isentropic process" refers to processes that take place in a closed system with no heat interaction with the surroundings (adiabatic process) and internally reversible. This is, no internal generation of entropy, entropy stays constant, which is what is meant by "isentropic". We can also say, an isentropic process is one where entropy stays constant, and no heat interaction of the system with the surroundings takes place (adiabatic process). Or, an adiabatic process can be irreversible, or reversible (isentropic).
Temperature (dry adiabatic lapse rate) changes at about 2 per degree F per 1000 ft, dew point more slowly (saturated adiabatic lapse rate), at about 3 degree F per 1000 ft. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiabatic_lapse_rate. jb