cell division
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The union of an egg and sperm restores the chromosome number through the process of fertilization. During fertilization, the haploid egg and haploid sperm fuse to form a diploid zygote, which contains the full complement of chromosomes (46 in humans). This restores the normal chromosome number in the resulting offspring.
Drugs, chemicals, temperature, and light.
Toxic vacuolation is a cellular process characterized by the formation of vacuoles (small cavities) within cells due to exposure to toxic substances or drugs. These vacuoles can disrupt normal cell function and lead to cellular damage or death. Toxic vacuolation is often seen in toxicology studies as a sign of cellular toxicity.
broken down by cellular machinery such as lysosomes and proteasomes, or transported out of the cell for excretion. This process helps maintain cellular health and prevents harmful buildup of waste products that can interfere with normal cellular function.
New tissue formation refers to the process by which cells divide and differentiate to form new tissue in response to injury, infection, or growth. This process involves various cellular activities such as cell proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix synthesis to repair damaged tissue and restore normal function.