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Interestingly, white phosphorus, the most common allotrope of phosphorus, is defined as the standard state despite the fact that it is only metastable. For all the other solid elements, the "standard state" is defined as the most stable allotrope at 100 kPa.

Red, violet, and black phosphorous are more stable, but far less common since they require special conditions to be produced and even being more stable are still very reactive. Note that red phosphorous might actually be considered just an intermediate phase between white and violet phosphorous rather than an allotrope, and consequently most of its properties vary considerably.

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βˆ™ 8y ago
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βˆ™ 1y ago

White phosphorus is considered the thermodynamic standard state of phosphorus. It is the most stable and common form of phosphorus at room temperature and pressure.

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Q: Which allotropic form is considered the thermodynamic standard state of phosphorus?
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