In the inner membranes of mitochondria, an organelle with thousands of electron transport chains.
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In a mitochondrion, cellular respiration occurs, where glucose and oxygen are converted into energy in the form of ATP. This process involves the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell due to their role in generating energy for cellular activities.
Malonate inhibits NADH by competing with NAD+ for binding to the active site of enzyme NADH dehydrogenase within the electron transport chain. This competition prevents NADH from donating electrons to the enzyme, disrupting the flow of electrons and inhibiting ATP production.
The granules of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion are believed to be the site of chemical reactions that produce ATP, which is the primary energy currency of the cell. These reactions are part of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation processes that generate ATP through the process of cellular respiration.
Thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments inside chloroplasts where photosynthesis takes place. They contain chlorophyll and other pigments that capture light energy to drive the reactions of photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy. They also house the protein complexes involved in the electron transport chain that generates ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle.
The empty transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules leave the ribosomes at the E site (exit site) once they have delivered their amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain.