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Polar air masses develop near the poles and tropical air masses develop near the equator. They are defined by their temperature and humidity characteristics, and play a key role in shaping weather patterns.
Types of air masses that are characterized by their temperature and humidity characteristics. Continental polar and maritime polar air masses are cold and moist, while continental tropical and maritime tropical air masses are warm and humid. These air masses determine the weather conditions when they interact with each other.
Continental air masses. Tropical air masses form over water.
Maritime polar air masses.
Polar air masses form north of 50 degrees north latitude and south of 50 degrees south latitude. These air masses are characterized by their relatively cooler temperatures compared to tropical air masses.