The particles gain energy (kinetic energy) and begin to vibrate. This vibration causes heat. As the particle vibrates, it will collide with other particles in water and pass this energy on to neighbouring particles which causes the heat conduction.
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When water is boiled, the particles in the water gain enough energy to overcome the forces holding them together in the liquid state. This causes them to break free and form water vapor, which is what we see as steam.
Rain water would normally boil at a slightly lower temperature than sea water, assuming the rain water has fewer dissolved particles in it compared to sea water.
As a block of ice begins to boil, the motion of the particles increases due to the input of heat energy. Initially, the particles vibrate in place more vigorously, causing the ice to melt into water. As more heat is added, the particles gain enough energy to break free from the solid structure and turn into a gas (water vapor), leading to the boiling of the water.
Boiling dirt will not change its composition. The water will evaporate, leaving behind the same dirt particles that were there initially.
Both salt water and regular water will boil. However, salt water will have a higher boiling point than regular water due to the presence of salt in the solution.
As a liquid begins to boil, the particles gain energy and move more rapidly. Eventually, the kinetic energy overcomes the intermolecular forces holding the particles together, causing them to break free and transition into a gas phase.