When stuff burns it combines with Oxygen, forming all sort of byproducts. Most of the 'lost' mass will be carbon dioxide and water vapor in the case of things like wood, paper, gasoline etc. The smoke, in other words, is where you find most of the mass that 'burns away'
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When things burn, some of the mass is converted into gases and smoke that are released into the atmosphere. The rest of the mass is left behind as residue, such as ash or soot.
Yes, pure oxygen can make things burn faster because it provides more oxygen molecules for combustion to occur. This increased availability of oxygen accelerates the chemical reaction, resulting in a faster and more intense burning process.
When you throw things away, they are typically taken to a landfill or an incinerator. Landfills are designated areas where garbage is buried under layers of soil. Incinerators burn garbage at high temperatures to reduce its volume. Some items can also be recycled or composted to minimize waste sent to landfills.
They burn up.
The mass of reactants is equal to the mass of products.
Mass is the measure of how much material is present. So if you travel somewhere, your mass does not change (except if you get fat or go on a diet)