DNA and Protein
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The centromere is the region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis. The chromatid is one of the two strands of chromosomes that become visible during mitosis or meiosis.
When chromosomes make an exact copy of themselves, they are called sister chromatids. Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome that are held together by a structure called the centromere.
Chromosomes are composed of DNA molecules tightly wound around proteins called histones. This DNA-protein complex is further condensed into chromatin fibers, which then coil and condense to form the recognizable X-shaped structures we see during cell division. Each chromosome contains a single linear DNA molecule that contains the genetic information of the organism.
One chromosome consists of two chromatids connected by a centromere.
A chromosome is a condensed structure of DNA and proteins found in the nucleus of a cell, while a DNA molecule is a long, linear molecule that carries genetic information in the form of genes. Chromosomes contain multiple genes and are visible under a microscope, while DNA molecules are individual strands that make up chromosomes.