Isolation can be due to behavioral, geographical, or temporal barriers.
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This is called allopatric speciation, where a population becomes isolated and evolves separately, leading to genetic differences that result in reproductive isolation from other populations of the same species.
A researcher would most likely find examples of allopatric speciation in geographical areas that have physical barriers, such as mountain ranges, rivers, or oceans, that separate populations of a species. These barriers prevent gene flow between the populations, leading to genetic divergence and ultimately the formation of new species.
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Two populations could remain genetically distinct despite inhabiting the same area if they have limited interbreeding due to mate choice, physical barriers, or different ecological niches. Over time, this can lead to genetic differences accumulating between the populations, resulting in genetic distinctiveness.
This condition may refer to either geographic isolation, where populations are separated by physical barriers, or reproductive isolation, where individuals are unable to interbreed successfully. Geographic isolation can lead to reproductive isolation over time as populations differentiate in isolation.