The surface of the Sun is about 5,000 oC hotter than the temperature necessary to melt rock.
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The temperature of magma typically ranges between 700°C to 1300°C, while the surface temperature of the sun is around 5500°C. Therefore, the sun's temperature is significantly higher than that of magma.
Unlike Earth and other solid objects, the entire Sun doesn't rotate at the same rate of gas and plasma, different parts of the Sun spin at different rates.
The sun facing half is heated by the Sun, so it is hot. The half facing away form the Sun is in shadow so this half is cool.
The sun warms the surface of the earth during the day. At night, especially a clear night, that heat rises from the earth into the atmosphere, lowering the temperature.
The main reason is that Mercury has almost no atmosphere which would hold the heat in. So the temperature on the side which is facing away from the Sun can plummet.
The difference in mass