The weakest interparticle attractions exist between particles in gases, which are dominated by weak van der Waals forces. These forces are relatively weak compared to the stronger attractions seen in liquids (such as hydrogen bonding) and solids (such as metallic or covalent bonds).
Chat with our AI personalities
No, the Higgs boson is a fundamental particle that exists within the framework of the standard model of particle physics. It is not a physical object that can exist in astronomical structures like nebulae.
Every particle that should exist if quarks are real has been found. No particle that should not exist if quarks are real has ever been found. The results of in-elastic scattering between hadrons fits perfectly with quark. The hypothesis of charm quarks predicted experimental results that were almost perfectly replicated with the discovery of the psi-particle. In other words, the quark hypothesis matches observation perfectly. That's about as strong of evidence as can exist.
The smallest particle of a compound that can exist and still retain the characteristic properties of that substance is a molecule. For gaseous elements, individual atoms are the smallest particle that retains the characteristic properties of the element.
If cohesive forces did not exist, matter would exist in a disorganized state, without any structure or form. This means that particles would not be able to stick together, resulting in a constant state of chaos and dispersion.
The smallest particle of an element that can exist either alone or in combination with other elements is an atom. Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.