Calcium carbonate. It combines with excess acid to produce water.
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This compound is gypsum - CaSO4.0,5H2O.
The white powder used in incandescent gas mantles is typically made of thorium dioxide. This powder is added to the fabric mantle to help it emit a bright white light when heated by the gas flame. However, due to health and environmental concerns, some manufacturers are moving towards using alternative materials.
flower and flour
The white powder on gloves is usually cornstarch or talc, which is used to make it easier to put on and remove the gloves. It helps absorb moisture and keep the hands dry during prolonged use.
The white powder is likely phosphorus. When phosphorus is burned in air, it produces white fumes and eventually turns into phosphorus pentoxide, which appears as a red powder.