The vertical columns are called groups and there are 18 groups on the modern Periodic Table. Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons and hence generally have similar properties.
A group of chemically bonded atoms is termed a molecule.
A polyatomic ion is a group of atoms that behaves like a single ion. This group of atoms carries a charge and acts as a single unit in chemical reactions.
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These obtained compounds are halides, ionic compounds.
Such a group of atoms is called a molecule.
If the group of atoms are all the same, it is called a molecule. If the group of atoms are different, it is called a compound, assuming they are bonded in some way. Otherwise, it is just called a group of atoms.
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This sounds to me like you are wanting the term "molecule". A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together.
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A molecule is represented by a group of atoms bonded together to form a chemical structure. This representation can vary depending on the method used: for example, a molecular formula shows the types and numbers of atoms in the molecule, while a structural formula shows the arrangement of atoms and bonds.