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There is no single mathematical formula for all of natural selection. Although, if you're interested in mathematical descriptions of natural selection, I can recommend you read a few books on population genetics, such as Principles of Population Genetics, by Hartl and Clark.

Natural selection occurs when:

- There exists a population of organisms that reproduce with variation.

- Variant features are inherited by offspring.

- The population produces more offspring than can comfortably subsist within its direct environment.

- Variant offspring therefore have to compete with one another for resources and mating opportunities.

Simply put: the traits of those variants that are better at producing offspring will have a greater frequency in future generations.

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Q: What is the formula for natural selection?
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What process in which organisims with traits well suited to an environment are more likely to survive and to produce offspring is?

This process is called natural selection. It is the mechanism by which traits that provide a survival or reproductive advantage to an organism become more common in a population over time.


What comes first mutation or natural selection?

Natural selection can only work on genetic variation that already exists. So mutation comes first, then natural selection.


How has the natural selection harmed the ecosystem?

It hasn't. Natural selection is a key part of the ecosystem itself.


What does natural selection have to do with biodiversity?

Natural selection is the mechanism primarily responsible for the development of today's biodiversity.


Is Natural selection a source of genetic variation in a population?

No, natural selection works on that genetic variation presented to it.