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The lines running between the two poles are called meridians. These meridians are used in geographic coordinate systems to measure longitude and determine the angular distance east or west of the Prime Meridian (0 degrees longitude).
Bipolar neurons have only one axon and one dendrite with the soma between them. There are probably very few, if any, neurons that contain only a single axon and dendrite. However, the concept is useful because some neurons behave as if they only had a single axon and dendrite. These neurons, called bipolar neurons because their cell body sits in between the axon and dendrite (giving the neuron two "poles"), are abundant in the nervous system. One very important type of bipolar neuron occurs in the retina, and is responsible for how we process light at an early level.
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The latitude can be thought of as the distance from the equator. 0 degrees latitude is the equator, which is typically warmer than locations closer than the poles. As you move away from the Equator and towards the North or South poles, the weather tends to be colder. In contrast, the region between the poles and the equator often has a greater temperature range variation.
The strength of two magnetic poles is directly proportional to the force between them. As the strength of the poles increases, the force of attraction or repulsion between them also increases. Conversely, if the strength of the poles decreases, the force between them will weaken.