Venus has a high surface temperature of 750K due to its thick atmosphere composed primarily of carbon dioxide, which traps heat from the Sun through the greenhouse effect. This causes a runaway greenhouse effect on Venus, leading to extremely high surface temperatures despite being further from the Sun than Mercury.
It will cool the earth's surface as radiation from the sun is blocked from entering the atmosphere
The trapping of heat by a planet's atmosphere is called the greenhouse effect. This occurs when gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere trap heat radiating from the planet's surface, leading to a warming effect.
Surface of the sun is hotter.
The inner core is hotter then the sun's surface.
The bubbling pattern on the Sun's surface is caused by convection. Hot material rises from within the Sun, cools off at the surface, and then sinks back down below, creating a continuous cycle of motion. This convection process is responsible for generating the Sun's magnetic field and driving solar activity like sunspots and solar flares.
The photosphere is the uppermost layer of the sun. It passes energy through this layer with a bubbling motion, carrying hotter, less dense material to the upper surface as the cooled, denser material sinks deeper into the surface.
Sunspot
Yes I have seen a dark spot on the Sun. It is called a "Sunspot". It is formed on the Sun's surface which is called the "photo-sphere" and is caused by a loop of the Sun's magnetic field poking though the Sun's surface.
solar flares
The sun provides the light seen on the moon, because the sun's rays hits the moon's surface
The bright red layer of the sun's surface containing hydrogen gas that can be seen is called the chromosphere. It lies just above the sun's visible surface, the photosphere, and is responsible for the red color seen during solar eclipses.
The visible surface of the sun is called the photosphere. It emits light that we can see, and is where most of the sun's energy is radiated into space.
The bubbling characteristic of the photosphere is called solar granulation. These granules are caused by the convective motion of plasma beneath the surface of the Sun, creating cells of rising hot plasma and sinking cooler plasma that appear as granules on the photosphere.
Infrared radiation from the sun produces a heating effect on the Earth's surface. This radiation is responsible for warming the planet and heating objects on the surface.
I assume you are talking about sunspots, as they are, in effect, "storms on the sun". They occur on or near the sun's surface.
No, the moon's surface is too reflective when the light is shining, and therefore the sun's light reflected from the moon's surface blocks any stars from being visible from the surface of the moon by either eye or camera.