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Crustal movement that doesn't involve deformation is called isostatic adjustment. This is the vertical movement of the Earth's crust in response to changes in the distribution of mass on the surface, such as due to the melting of glaciers or the loading of sediment onto continental shelves.
Crustal deformation. That is, when pieces of the Earth's crust change shape due to tectonic forces.
When rocks bend without breaking due to plate movement, it is called ductile deformation. This occurs when rocks undergo plastic deformation under high temperatures and pressures, causing them to bend or fold rather than fracture.
The movement of crustal or lithospheric plates is a part of the theory of plate tectonics. The geological theory is called plate tectonics.
No, plates and crustal plates are the same thing. They refer to the large, rigid sections of the Earth's lithosphere that move around on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them. These plates are made up of both oceanic and continental crust and are responsible for the movement of continents and the formation of geological features like mountains and earthquakes.
Deformation of materials (called strain) is a response to forces acting on those materials (called stress).