Gravitational instability theory....
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Yes, planets are formed from the same clouds of gas and dust as stars. These clouds are called molecular clouds, and they consist mostly of hydrogen and helium along with other elements. As the cloud collapses under gravity to form a star, leftover material congregates to form planets and other smaller bodies in the newly formed solar system.
No. They are made mainly of stars and planets. The stars and planets came from gas and dust.
It sounds like you are describing a nebula, which is a cloud of gas and dust in outer space. Nebulae can be illuminated by nearby stars, and their colors and shapes can vary depending on the composition of the gas and dust within them.
Comets.
A protostar rotates due to conservation of angular momentum. As the protostar collapses from a rotating cloud of gas and dust, its rotational speed increases due to the conservation of angular momentum. This rotation plays a crucial role in shaping the final properties of the star and its surrounding planetary system.