When a cookie gets burnt, the particles undergo a chemical reaction called combustion, where the organic compounds in the cookie break down and release energy in the form of heat and light. The carbon in the cookie combines with oxygen in the air to form carbon dioxide and other combustion byproducts.
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The particles move faster. Thermal energy is a measure of kinetic energy of molecules.
When chalk is dissolved, the solid particles of chalk break down and disperse into the liquid it is dissolved in. This results in a homogeneous mixture where the chalk particles are spread out evenly throughout the liquid.
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When a liquid solidifies, the particles slow down and come closer together, forming a more ordered and structured arrangement. This process releases energy in the form of heat, resulting in the formation of a solid with a specific shape and volume.
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