In the short-term cycle, plants convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.
Organisms eat the plants and obtain carbon, and then release it back into the air as
carbon dioxide. Carbon is also released through wastes and decay of their remains.
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One term for the process is the carbon cycle, or at least the biologic part of that cycle.
The carbon cycle is naturally slowest in deep ocean waters, where carbon can remain sequestered for hundreds to thousands of years before resurfacing. In these regions, carbon can be stored in deep-sea sediments, forming long-term repositories of carbon that contribute to the slow turnover of carbon in the cycle.
the water vapor takes a short time
Visit the page: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cycle You'll find all the information about the carbon cycle there.
Another term for the hydrologic cycle is the water cycle.