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when cooled or compressed these real gasses eventually condense in to a liquid phase

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βˆ™ 10y ago
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As a real gas cools from room temperature to 0 degrees Kelvin, it undergoes a phase transition to a liquid state due to increased intermolecular forces. At absolute zero, the gas would become a solid, as molecular motion ceases.

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Q: What happens to a real gas as it cools from room temp to 0 dgrees kelvin?
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What is 0 on a kelvin scale?

First, note that Kelvin is typically not expressed in degree(s), just Temperature Kelvin(e.g., 50 K for 50 kelvin). ***(note2 at bottom, about kelvin vs degree kelvin)Kelvin is a temperature scale based upon 0K being absolute zero*(note1 at bottom), which is currently the lowest possible temperature. This is not possible to actually achieve, but it can be determined as the point at which a 'perfect' (ideal gas) gas would have zero pressure and volume as it contracts on cooling. As most gases behave very much like a perfect gas and the deviation of real gases is well understood, this allows us to calculate the exact temperature at which this would happen. That temperature is zero Kelvin.For the ideal gas this is the point at which the molecules (assumed to be perfect non-interacting mathematical points) stop all motion. So the pressure (which is caused by the gas molecules bouncing off the container walls) is zero. At this point also, the gas has zero kinetic energy.(In reality quantum mechanics shows that particles must have a certain amount of energy even at zero Kelvin. This is termed the 'zero point' energy, and is manifest in a tiny amount of vibrational energy. So in reality there is residual motion in a gas at absolute zero, but this cannot exert any pressure as that would involve removing the residual energy which cannot happen. So in quantum terms it is the point at which no mechanical energy can be extracted from the system.)The Kelvin scale is named for British mathematician and physicist William Thompson, 1st Baron Kelvin (1824-1907), who did much to unify the modern field of Physics.Equivalent Temperatures in Other Temperature Scales-273.16° Celsius-459.67° Fahrenheit0° Rankine**-218° Réaumur*Note1 - The Kelvin scale is indeed based upon the triple point of water, being assigned to 273.16 K; this point is beyond the scope of this discussion, however.**Kelvin and Rankine are both based upon 0 as absolute zero, however Kelvin uses the interval of 1 K is equal to 1° Celsius, and Rankine uses the interval of 1° Rankine is equal to 1° Fahrenheit.***Note2 - The accepted SI unit for temperature is K, not, degree(s) K. In scientific papers you will typically only find K, though it is still colloquially accepted to use degree Kelvin when you mean Kelvin.


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Related questions

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The real name of a kelvin is the "kelvin", named after the British physicist William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin.


What is William Thomsons 1st Baron Kelvin real name?

His real name was William Thomson.


Who discovered kelvin?

Lord Kelvin, whose real name was William Thomson, is credited with the discovery of the Kelvin scale of temperature. He proposed this absolute temperature scale in the mid-19th century, establishing 0 K as the point at which all thermal motion ceases.


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What is 100 billion kelvin?

100 billion kelvin is an extremely high temperature that is far beyond what is possible to achieve in any known natural or artificial environment. At this temperature, all matter would be completely ionized and exist in a plasma state. It is not a practical or meaningful temperature for most real-world applications.


What happens to a real gas (nitrogen gas) as it cools from room temp to 0 K absolute zero Would you expect it to disappear when it reached absolute zero?

As a real gas like nitrogen cools from room temperature to absolute zero, it will contract and eventually condense into a liquid or solid depending on the pressure. At absolute zero, molecular motion ceases, but the gas does not disappear. Instead, it transitions into a state of minimum energy, which could be a solid or liquid depending on the conditions.


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