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Intermolecular forces -

Van Der Waals (London Dispersion Forces) mainly

Also includes Dipole-Dipole and Induced-Dipole forces in certain compounds,

These are weak however so all can be classed together when broken ( Vapourized into a gas)

Considerable strengths are Hydrogen Bonding (If H and Fluorine, Oxygen or Nitrogen) are present in the sample.

E.g the Entropy of Vapourization of most liquids is 85 - 90 Joules per Kelvin Per Mole

However for water (with Hydrogen Bonding) it is around 110 Joules Per Kelvin per Mole.

Summary - Intermolecular forces, special if have Hydrogen Bonding (1/10th covalent bond)

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Q: What forces hold the molecules of a liquid together?
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