strong
Chat with our AI personalities
Intermolecular forces -
Van Der Waals (London Dispersion Forces) mainly
Also includes Dipole-Dipole and Induced-Dipole forces in certain compounds,
These are weak however so all can be classed together when broken ( Vapourized into a gas)
Considerable strengths are Hydrogen Bonding (If H and Fluorine, Oxygen or Nitrogen) are present in the sample.
E.g the Entropy of Vapourization of most liquids is 85 - 90 Joules per Kelvin Per Mole
However for water (with Hydrogen Bonding) it is around 110 Joules Per Kelvin per Mole.
Summary - Intermolecular forces, special if have Hydrogen Bonding (1/10th covalent bond)
Hold polar molecules together
Yes, liquid molecules have a moderate attraction to one another due to intermolecular forces like van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding. These forces hold the molecules together in a more organized manner compared to gases, but with less rigidity than in solids.
Atoms or molecules in a liquid state have enough energy to overcome the forces holding them in a solid structure, but not enough energy to break apart and become a gas. The temperature and pressure conditions determine whether a substance will be in a solid, liquid, or gas state.
Intermolecular forces determine a substance's state by influencing the attractions and interactions between its particles. A substance with strong intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonding, tends to be solid or liquid at room temperature. Weak intermolecular forces, like London dispersion forces, make a substance more likely to be a gas.
Van der Waals forces, specifically dispersion forces, hold the nonpolar CCl4 molecules together. These forces are caused by temporary fluctuations in electron distribution within the molecules, creating weak attractions between them.