The three factors necessary for germination of a seed are:
(1).Water:
Seed obtains water from its environment, i.e from the soil, in natural conditions. The water is absorbed all over the surface but mainly through the micropyle. Two main uses of water are:
(i) The seed swells and consequently the seed coat ruptures allowing the elongating the radicle to come out and form the root system.
(ii). water is necessary for chemical reaction and for the enzymes to act on the food stored in the cotyledons or the endosperm so that it is converted into diffusable form dissolved and utilized by the growing embroyo.
(2).Suitable temperature:
Both very low and high temperatures are unsuitable for germination.A very low temperature inhibits the growth of the embroyo and a very high temperature destroys its tissues.A moderately warm temperature(25 degrees to 35 degrees centigrade) is usually favourable for germination and it is also called optimium temperature.Seeds of tropical plants need a higher temperature than those of the temperate regions.
(3).Oxygen:
During germination there is rapid cell division and cell growth for which energy is required.This energy is available only by respiration(for oxidation of food) and hence the need for oxygen(or air).
The basic factors in seed germination include water, oxygen, temperature, and light. Water helps to soften the seed coat and initiate metabolic processes, oxygen is required for respiration, temperature affects enzymatic activity, and light can trigger germination in some plant species. These factors work together to signal to the seed that it is time to begin growing into a new plant.
Following factors are to be taken in to consideration foe seed germination-:
1) Dormancy period -- A seed requires to undergo a period of dormancy after its formation. During this period the seed 'rests' and may refuse to germinate properly. This period varies from seed to seed . Seeds of water melon or red gourd do not have a dormany period and may germinate easily immediately after their formation in the fruit. Others require dormancy period ranging from a few weeks to a few months.
2) Viability of a seed -- It is exactly like expiry date/period of a commercial product. It must not be confused with the dormancy or 'resting period'
After the resting period a seed bcomes ready to germinate.But this readiness is not for ever. It literally expires after cerain period.After that seed will not germinate. This 'ready to germinate' period is the viability period of a seed. It may vary from a few years to many centuries.Seeds of Lotus are reported to have germinated even after eight hundred years! In that case their viability period is atleast that much if not more.
After considering the two inherent factors, let us now look in to the external factors.
3) Soil moisture or water -- This is required to trigger the mechanism of germination.In in absence of moisture the seeds can not germinate ; but when it is available it is imbibed by the seed coat and the enzymes in side become active and functional. The amount of water does not matter in the initial stages; But later on it becomes critical.
4) Soil Texture - Does not matter during germination. Seeds can even germinate with out soil on the piece of a moist blotting paper.
5)Soil pH--Should too acidic. pH 5 to 8 is alright.
6) Soil temparature - It should be on the warmer side.Lesser the temp. lesser the rate of germination.
7) Light - It does not affect the process of germination; but some seeds do germinate better in the ABSENCE of light. They like darkness for germination it seems.
Factors affecting seed germination
Seed germination depends on both internal and external conditions. The most important external factors includetemperature, water, oxygenand sometimes light or darkness.[2] Various plants require different variables for successful seed germination, often this depends on the individual seed variety and is closely linked to the ecological conditions of a plant'snatural habitat. For some seeds, their future germination response is affected by environmental conditions during seed formation; most often these responses are types of seed dormancy.
Most common annual vegetables have optimal germination temperatures between 75-90 F (24-32 C), though many species (e.g. radishes or spinach) can germinate at significantly lower temperatures, as low as 40 F (4 C), thus allowing them to be grown from seed in cooler climates. Suboptimal temperatures lead to lower success rates and longer germination periods.
Scarification mimics natural processes that weaken the seed coat before germination. In nature, some seeds require particular conditions to germinate, such as the heat of a fire (e.g., many Australian native plants), or soaking in a body of water for a long period of time. Others need to be passed through an animal'sdigestive tract to weaken the seed coat enough to allow the seedling to emerge
A manipulated variable in seed germination is a factor that is intentionally altered or changed by the researcher to see how it affects the germination process. This variable is under the control of the experimenter and is used to test the effect of different conditions on seed germination. Examples include light intensity, temperature, or the presence of certain substances in the soil.
Oxygen is needed by seeds during germination to undergo cellular respiration and produce energy for growth. This process allows the seed to break dormancy and begin the germination process.
Germination of a seed is generally considered an irreversible process, as it marks the beginning of the growth of a new plant. Once the seed has undergone germination and starts to grow, it cannot revert back to its dormant state.
The biome with the longest seed germination time is typically the arctic tundra due to the cold temperatures and short growing season that restricts seed germination and growth. Some seeds in the arctic tundra can remain in the soil for years before conditions are right for germination.
Dormancy in a seed refers to a period where the seed is alive but not actively growing. This is a survival mechanism that helps seeds remain viable until conditions are favorable for germination. Factors like temperature, light, and moisture can influence seed dormancy.
Temperature has the greatest effect on seed germination.
Temperature and Moisture.
Germination is the process by which a seed sprouts and begins to grow into a seedling. It involves the reactivation of the embryo within the seed and the emergence of the root and shoot. Germination is triggered by factors like water, temperature, and oxygen.
Some environmental factors that may favor seed germination include the availability of water, optimal temperature, and the presence of oxygen. Additionally, the presence of light or specific chemicals may also play a role in promoting seed germination.
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A manipulated variable in seed germination is a factor that is intentionally altered or changed by the researcher to see how it affects the germination process. This variable is under the control of the experimenter and is used to test the effect of different conditions on seed germination. Examples include light intensity, temperature, or the presence of certain substances in the soil.
Warm soil and moisture for germination. After germination is when all of the other factors affect plant growth. There are Organic Seed Starters available which can change days of normal germination into hours. The best Organic Seed Starter I have used changed the 7- 10 day germination printed on the packet to only 24 hours.
Germination.
The contents of a seed are used up after germination by the seedling growing from it.
The medium that provides the factors necessary for seed germination is typically a combination of soil, water, oxygen, and suitable temperature. These factors help to trigger the biochemical processes within the seed that allow it to sprout and grow into a new plant.
Well, there's seed development when the inflorescences of the seed head stop flowering and everything goes into seed production, and then there is germination, where a plant grows from a seed that was planted in the soil.
Yes because of Lauren Hallas.