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Professor
Beau
RossIncreased permeability of the endothelial-capsular membrane can be caused by factors such as inflammation, trauma, or infection. These conditions can disrupt the tight junctions between endothelial cells, leading to leakage of fluid and proteins from the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues.
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What causes edema that occurs during the inflammatory process?
Increased capillary permeability
Release of the chemical histamine causes?
Release of histamine causes dilation of blood vessels, increased vascular permeability, and smooth muscle contraction. This can result in symptoms such as itching, redness, swelling, and bronchoconstriction depending on the location of release and the receptors it activates.
Does hypercalcemia cause depression of the nervous system?
Yes, hypercalcemia causes nervous system depression - the opposite of (see below) According to the Human Anatomy and Physiology Textbook by Marieb, hypocalcemia causes neuron excitation and if severe enough, leads to tetany and then paralysis. this is because both serum calcium and intracellular calcium are increased. The reason hypocalcemia causes neuron excitation (contrary to the above logic) is because a decrease in extracellular calcium concentration increases the neuron membrane's permeability to sodium and allows sodium to easily depolarize the neuron's membrane and cause an action potential. Additionally The membrane threshold becomes refractory to depolarization thus many of the symptoms are related to the loss of cell membrane excitability. How extracellular calcium controls sodium membrane permeability is another question.
Why is cell membrane impermeable to organic anions?
The cell membrane is impermeable to organic anions because they are large, negatively charged molecules that cannot easily pass through the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer. Additionally, organic anions may require specific transport proteins or channels to facilitate their movement across the membrane.
What cause the membrane potential of a neuron?
Opening or closing of ion channels at one point in the membrane produces a local change in the membrane potential, which causes electric current to flow rapidly to other points in the membrane.
