Weather (wind, precipitation, temperature), pressure, and chemicals. Rock tumblers and synthetic chemical agents can simulate weathering.
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Pressure on them is released, which can cause pressure-release mechanical weathering. Exposure of an uplifted rock to the surface will fully expose the rock to the effects of mechanical and chemical weathering--basically a rock rot.
The type of weathering that does not alter the chemical composition of the rock is called physical weathering. The acid weathering usually alter the chemical composition of a rock.
The effect of weathering is to reduce the volume of the igneous rock.
Weathering tends to attack the outermost layer of a rock, known as the rock surface or rind, most rapidly. This layer is more exposed to the elements and is therefore more susceptible to weathering processes such as erosion, chemical weathering, and physical weathering.
Ice freezing in a crack of a rock is considered weathering.