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In tissue culture embryo-like structured called EMBRYOIDS are developed either from the callus or directly from the explant. These embryoids develop from somatic tissue. They are transferred to other culture media for development into complete plants. In order to store or transport them the embryoids are encapsulated in sodium alginate. These encapsulated embryoids are called as SYNTHETIC SEEDS or ARTIFICIAL SEEDS. Progress in biotechnological research during the last two decades has opened up unprecedented opportunities in many areas of basic and applied biological research. Plant tissue culture, which is an important component of plant biotechnology, presents new strategies for the improvement of cereals, legumes, forest trees, plantation crops and ornamental plants. Besides, plant cell cultures provide a good system for many basic studies in plant breeding, plant physiology, genetics and cell Biology. Cell manipulations through the sophisticated methods of genetic engineering for plant quality and product improvement has to rely on plant tissue culture for the final goal. Micropropagation is an area of plant tissue culture which has received maximum attention of researchers for its potential commercial applications. The regeneration of plants through the techniques of plant tissue culture and their subsequent acclimatization and delivery to the field poses many problems to make tissue culture technology a viable alternative proposition. The successful demonstration of encapsulation of tissue culture derived propagules in a nutrient gel has initiated a new line of research on synthetic seeds. Synthetic seeds are basically defined as, "encapsulated somatic embryos which functionally mimic seeds and can develop into seedlings under sterile conditions". In a broader sense, it would also refer to encapsulated buds or any other form of meristems which can develop into plants. The main thrust idea is to prepare a simple, inexpensive delivery unit of tissue culture propagated plants and a method for direct sowing of encapsulated material in the field. The encapsulating matrix has the ability to incorporate nutrients, biofertlizers, pesticides, nitrogen - fixing bacteria, antibiotics or other essential additives. The direct delivery of encapsulated material will save many subcultures to obtain plants and also eliminate the difficult stage of acclimatization of in vitro plants. The uniform and simultaneous production of encapsulated propagules followed by uniform germination could possibly remove many drawbacks associated with natural seeds. Many plant systems are known to produce abundant number of embryos in culture which share many properties similar to natural embryos including germination leading to plant production. To mimic the natural seeds, embryos from cultures are encapsulated in a nutrient gel containing essential organic/inorganic salts, carbon source, plant hormones and antimicrobial agents and coated completely to protect the embryos from mechanical damages during handling and to allow the development and germination to occur without any undesirable variations. Several agents have been attempted for encapsulation and sodium alginate complexing with calcium chloride is found to be the most suitable. By this method, two types of synthetic seeds are prepared: hydrated and desiccated. Hydrated synthetic seeds consist of embryos individually encapsulated in a hydrogel, whereas in desiccated type the coating mixture is allowed to dry for several hours in a sterile hood. The Plant Cell Culture Technology Group of Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division had initiated research on synthetic seeds in the late 1980s working with sandalwood and mulberry. Eventually other crop systems such as banana, cardamom and rice have also been taken up for the production of synthetic seeds. In general, the method used is as follows : The propagules ( embryos / axillary buds / shoot tips ) are carefully isolated from aseptic cultures and blot dried on filter paper, and are then mixed in sodium alginate prepared in nutrient medium.
Synthetic seeds are artificially encapsulated structures containing somatic embryos or shoot tips produced from plant tissue culture. They serve as a means of propagation and storage for elite plants and can be used for mass production of uniform planting material. Synthetic seeds provide a way to overcome limitations of traditional seed propagation methods in certain crops.
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Can seeds grow from clone plant?
No, seeds cannot grow from a clone plant. Clones are identical genetic copies of the parent plant, so they do not produce seeds through sexual reproduction. To grow new plants from a clone, a cutting or tissue culture method is typically used.
How do a scientists classify a vascular plant with no seeds?
A vascular plant with no seeds would be classified as a fern. Ferns are classified under the division Pteridophyta and reproduce through spores instead of seeds. They are characterized by their vascular tissue that helps in transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant.
Is there such a thing as a seeded vascular plant?
All seed plants have vascular tissue and use seeds to reproduce.
Which is a method that can be use to create a new plant whithout using seed?
One method to create a new plant without using seeds is through vegetative propagation, such as through cutting, layering, grafting, or tissue culture. These methods involve taking a part of the parent plant, such as a stem, leaf, or bud, and encouraging it to grow roots or form a new plant.
If you have a plant that has vascular tissue produces seeds but does NOT produce flowers What type of organism is it?
The plant would likely be a gymnosperm, a type of seed-producing plant that does not produce flowers but has vascular tissue. Some examples of gymnosperms include conifers like pine trees and spruces.
How propagation of plants through synthetic seeds is different from micro-propagation?
tissue culture is diff 4m synthetic seed technology............. synthetics seeds r produced through tissue culture methods. tissue culture provides explants 4 synthetic seeds. the explant may b shoot tip / somatic embryo/embryo..........
Can seeds grow from clone plant?
No, seeds cannot grow from a clone plant. Clones are identical genetic copies of the parent plant, so they do not produce seeds through sexual reproduction. To grow new plants from a clone, a cutting or tissue culture method is typically used.
What is the tissue of plant from the stem leaves seeds or roots?
The tissue of a plant that connects the stem and roots is called the vascular tissue. This tissue is responsible for transporting water, nutrients, and sugars throughout the plant. It includes xylem, which carries water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant, and phloem, which transports sugars produced by photosynthesis to different parts of the plant.
What is another method of plant reproduction besides seed?
bulbletsplant offsetscuttingsgraftinglayeringmicropropagation or tissue culturesomatic "seeds"
what are two kind of plant?
two types of vascular tissue plants are: plants without seeds and plants with seeds.
How do a scientists classify a vascular plant with no seeds?
A vascular plant with no seeds would be classified as a fern. Ferns are classified under the division Pteridophyta and reproduce through spores instead of seeds. They are characterized by their vascular tissue that helps in transporting water and nutrients throughout the plant.
Is there such a thing as a seeded vascular plant?
All seed plants have vascular tissue and use seeds to reproduce.
How tissue culture is used to conserve rare and endangered plants?
TISSUE CULTURE- Introduction Plant tissue culture is the culture and maintenance of plant cells or organs in sterile, nutritionally and environmentally supportive conditions (in vitro). Plant cell and tissue culture include the cultural techniques for regeneration of functional plants from embryonic tissues, tissue fragments, calli, isolated cells, or protoplasts. It has applications in research and commerce. In commercial settings, tissue culture is often referred to as micro-propagation, which is in fact one of the techniques in tissue culture. Micro-propagation refers to the production of whole plants from cell cultures derived from explants (the initial piece of tissue put into culture) or meristem cells. The success for plant tissue culture is based on the principle called totipotency - the ability of undifferentiated plant tissues to differentiate into functional plants when cultured in vitro. Plant tissue culture is used widely in plant science; it also has a number of commercial applications. Applications include: Micro-propagation is widely used in forestry and in floriculture. Micro-propagation can also be used to conserve rare or endangered plant species. Micropropagation and cryopreservation are tools with multiple applications and benefits within an integrated plant conservation research program. CREW's Endangered Plant Propagation Program has adapted and applied these methods to a broad range of endangered U.S. species, in collaboration with a number of U.S. botanical gardens within the Center for Plant Conservation network. In vitro methods are developed for species for which traditional methods of propagation are not adequate. In addition to standard tissue culture propagation, techniques for in vitro germination and in vitro collecting can be used to initiate shoot forming cultures, while in vitro rooting may overcome specific problems encountered with traditional rooting methods. Micropropagation can also alleviate stress on the in situ population by providing plants for lab/greenhouse research, education, reintroduction, augmentation or the establishment of new populations for field research. Horticultural expertise is important for the successful acclimation of micropropagated plants for these uses. Cryopreservation banking for long-term germplasm storage can be applied to a variety of propagules, including seeds, embryos, spores, pollen, gametophytes, shoot tips, and embryogenic callus cultures. No one technique will be applicable to every endangered plant, and examples of all of these are in CREW's liquid nitrogen storage facility, or 'Frozen Garden'. In addition to long-term storage of rare germplasm, cryopreservation can also help overcome specific problems: species with seeds or embryos that are short-lived or which have recalcitrant seeds; species that are not producing many viable seeds; species for which in vitro propagation protocols have been developed, but for which no habitat is presently suited for reintroduction. Each species presents a unique opportunity to draw from the variety of micropropagation and cryopreservation methods in order to develop techniques to address its specific conservation challenges.
What is a non-seed plant and how can they reproduce without seeds?
there are some commercial crops which we have cultivated to be seedless. that does not mean this is the natural form of reproduction. some, like bananas are grown comercially by tissue culture, others like grapes by cutting, and watermelons are made seedless by the use of hybrid seeds There are also some plants like mosses and ferns that do not have seeds and reproduce from spores.
What will happen in mongo seeds planted in tissue paper?
If mongo seeds are planted in tissue paper, they are unlikely to germinate and grow successfully. Tissue paper does not provide the necessary nutrients, support, or moisture retention for seeds to sprout and develop into healthy plants. It is best to plant mongo seeds in a suitable potting mix or soil that can provide the optimal conditions for germination and growth.
Which is a method that can be use to create a new plant whithout using seed?
One method to create a new plant without using seeds is through vegetative propagation, such as through cutting, layering, grafting, or tissue culture. These methods involve taking a part of the parent plant, such as a stem, leaf, or bud, and encouraging it to grow roots or form a new plant.
If you have a plant that has vascular tissue produces seeds but does NOT produce flowers What type of organism is it?
The plant would likely be a gymnosperm, a type of seed-producing plant that does not produce flowers but has vascular tissue. Some examples of gymnosperms include conifers like pine trees and spruces.
