Homologous chromosomes have the same shape, size and position of the centromere. They have the same genes in the same order.
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Homologous chromosomes are a pair of chromosomes, one from each parent, that have the same genes at the same loci. They share similar genetic information, but may have different versions of the same gene called alleles. Homologous chromosomes also have similar size and structure.
No, homologous chromosomes are present in both cells that undergo meiosis and cells that undergo mitosis. In meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material, while in mitosis, homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.
A homologous pair contains 2 chromosomes, each with 2 chromatids after duplicating in preparation for cell division. This results in 4 chromatids in total for the homologous pair.
Pairing between homologous chromosomes
During prophase 1, chromosomes condense, homologous chromosomes pair up, and crossing over occurs. In metaphase 1, homologous chromosomes line up at the cell's center. Anaphase 1 sees homologous chromosomes separate, while telophase 1 results in two daughter cells. Then, in meiosis 2, the process is similar to mitosis, with chromosome separation into four haploid cells.
AnaPhase1