Yes you need to know what molarity of the phosphate buffer you need to make and what voluime, then you can use Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
or simply use the phophate buffer calculator
http://home.fuse.net/clymer/buffers/phos2.html
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Yes, you can prepare a phosphate buffer at pH 7 by mixing a specific ratio of monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4) and disodium phosphate (Na2HPO4). To make a 0.1 M solution, you would need to mix approximately 0.096 moles of NaH2PO4 and 0.004 moles of Na2HPO4 in 1 liter of water. Adjust the pH with either NaOH or HCl as needed.
Club soda is not a good buffer as it does not contain any significant amount of buffering agents such as bicarbonate or phosphate. Buffers work by maintaining a stable pH when an acid or base is added, and club soda's pH can change significantly when acid or base is introduced without a buffering capacity.
There is no particular pH that a buffer will be, it depends upon the buffer. It can be any pH. What a buffer does is to cause the pH of the solution to change less than it would without the buffer when acid or base is added to the buffered solution.
DNA extraction buffer containing PVP should be stored at room temperature in a dark and cool place to protect it from light and heat. It is also important to tightly close the container to avoid any contamination from external factors. Moreover, ensure that the buffer is stored away from any hazardous chemicals to prevent cross-contamination.
The pH of a buffer solution is primarily influenced by the ratio of the concentrations of its conjugate acid-base pair. Any changes in the concentrations of the acid or base components will affect the buffer's pH. Additionally, temperature changes can also impact the pH of a buffer solution.
A 1X buffer refers to a buffer solution that is typically used at its full strength, without any dilution. It is commonly used in laboratory settings for various biochemical and molecular biology applications to maintain a stable pH and ionic strength for reactions.