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transcription occurs in the nucleus of a cell - enzymes make an RNA copy of the gene from DNA, and the RNA (called mRNA) is sent to the cytoplasm once it has been processed.
translation occurs after that - the mRNA that was moved to the cytoplasm becomes the template for amino acids to attach onto. ribosomes hold the mRNA while tRNA attach amino acids to the mRNA. Bonds form between the amino acids so that it becomes a chain.
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What does transcription and translation produce?
A polypeptide chain. This chain might need a little more adjustment before it becomes a fully functional protein.
In which organelle is DNA kept and RNA transcript?
DNA is kept in the nucleus, while RNA transcription occurs in the nucleus before the mRNA moves to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm for translation.
Why is it important for DNA to condense before dividing?
DNA condensation is used to block the transcription and translation of a number of genes. It is part of "epigenetics" by condensation of the DNA the polymerase can no longer bind.
What mechanisms of gene regulation operates after mRNA transcription but before translation of mRNA into protein?
Mechanisms such as alternative splicing, mRNA stability, RNA editing, and microRNA binding can regulate gene expression after mRNA transcription but before translation. Alternative splicing can produce different mRNA isoforms, mRNA stability affects the rate at which mRNA is degraded, RNA editing can alter the nucleotide sequence of mRNA, and microRNAs can bind to mRNA to inhibit translation.
What happens to DNA before cell division in mitosis?
No, transcription is the process of creating an mRNA copy of the DNA in order to create a function process (by translation at the ribosomes). However, DNA does replicate before mitosis occurs - this is so that each daughter cell at the end of mitosis ends up with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
Regulatory proteins can exert ther effects when before transcription during transcription after transcription during translation or all of these?
during translation
What are three differences between transcription in prokaryotes and transcription in eukaryotes?
In prokaryotes, transcription occurs in the cytoplasm since they lack a nucleus, while in eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus. Prokaryotic transcription is often coupled with translation, meaning ribosomes can start translating mRNA even before transcription is complete, whereas in eukaryotes, transcription and translation are spatially and temporally separated. Prokaryotic mRNA does not typically undergo extensive processing (such as splicing or capping) after transcription, whereas eukaryotic mRNA is extensively processed before being translated.
What does transcription and translation produce?
A polypeptide chain. This chain might need a little more adjustment before it becomes a fully functional protein.
How is bacterial translation different from eukaryotic translation?
Bacterial translation occurs in the cytoplasm and has fewer post-translational modifications. Eukaryotic translation occurs in the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum, and involves more complex regulatory mechanisms and additional processing steps.
Which happens first messager RNA or transfer RNA?
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized during transcription in the nucleus before transfer RNA (tRNA) comes into play during translation in the cytoplasm. So, mRNA is produced first in the sequence of events.
Protein synthesis in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Protein synthesis occurs in cellular structures called ribosomes , found out-side the nucleus. The process by which genetic information is transferred from the nucleus to the ribosomes is called transcription. During transcription, a strand of ribonucleic acid (RNA) is synthesized.
What are the two major steps to protein synthesis?
The two major steps of protein synthesis are transcription, which involves the synthesis of mRNA from DNA in the nucleus, and translation, which involves the synthesis of a protein from mRNA on ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
In which organelle is DNA kept and RNA transcript?
DNA is kept in the nucleus, while RNA transcription occurs in the nucleus before the mRNA moves to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm for translation.
What is the order or events in gene expressions?
Gene expression involves transcription of DNA into mRNA, followed by translation of mRNA into proteins. After transcription, the mRNA undergoes processing steps such as splicing and capping before it can be translated into a protein by ribosomes. Post-translation modifications may also occur to ensure proper functioning of the protein.
Why is protein synthesis different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
In prokaryotes, DNA is stored in the cytoplasm. also prokaryotes have no nucleus In prokaryotes, transcription and translation happen at the same time.
Why is it important for DNA to condense before dividing?
DNA condensation is used to block the transcription and translation of a number of genes. It is part of "epigenetics" by condensation of the DNA the polymerase can no longer bind.
New mRNA is made through a process of?
transcription, where the DNA double strand is unwound by RNA polymerase causing one of the DNA strands to be used as a template to create a complementary mRNA strand. This mRNA strand is then modified and processed before it can be used for protein synthesis.
