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The DNA code for one hereditary trait is called a gene.
Color blindness is an example of an X-linked recessive trait, which is a type of non-Mendelian inheritance. This means that the gene responsible for color blindness is located on the X chromosome, and the trait is more commonly expressed in males than females.
Color blindness is a recessive trait, meaning that an individual needs to inherit two copies of the gene for color blindness (one from each parent) in order to be color blind. If an individual inherits only one copy of the gene, they are considered a carrier and will not exhibit color blindness.
The prevalence of color blindness in males is much higher than in females, with approximately 8% of males affected. Therefore, in a population of 20,000, we can expect about 8% (0.08) of males to be color blind. This would result in an expected frequency of approximately 1,600 color blind males in the population.
If the father is color blind and the mother is normal, the risk of their child being color blind is 0% for daughters and 50% for sons. This is because color blindness is a sex-linked trait carried on the X chromosome, with the gene for color blindness typically passed from mother to son.