Mainly on the Sun. The Moon does affect the tides, though.
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Weather on Earth primarily depends on the sun. The sun provides heat and energy to drive weather systems and patterns. The moon does have some effects on weather, such as influencing tides, but its impact is secondary to the sun's influence.
Sun, Earth, Moon. The moon is covered by the Earth's shadow.
The Moon does not orbit the Sun; it orbits the Earth. The Earth orbits the Sun.
In a lunar eclipse, the Sun, Earth and Moon are lined up so precisely that the Moon is in the Earth's shadow. Sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Earth - Moon
A solar eclipse is where the moon obscures the sun from observers on earth, the moon is between the earth and the sun, blocking the sun out to us on earth. The moon is in a new moon phase at this point, we cant see it before or after the eclipse, as the sunlight reflecting back off its surface is on the other side to us.
* When Earth is at periapsis (closest to the Sun, in January), Earth, and therefore the Moon, are closer to the Sun than when Earth is at apapsis. * On average, at new moon the Moon is closer to the Sun than at full moon, since at full moon the Moon is opposite to the Sun in the sky.