You fit it with 3 cups that revolve with the wind from any direction and record the velocity through a cable to a gauge. This is called an "anemometer"
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No. A weather vane only shows the wind direction.
A wind vane measure wind direction. It doesn't measure wind speed, it tells which direction the wind is coming from and which direction it is currently blowing.
The anemometer measures wind speed. A weather vane tells wind direction.
An anemometer measures wind speed A wind vane shows the wind direction
A wind vane measures wind direction, however if you are seeking speed of the wind, you would also use an anemometer. The weather stations today would normally have both the wind vane and the anemometer.