for 4KHz then for noisy channel using Shannon theorem, sampling rate will be 8K samples/sec. So with 2 bit encoding, 2 bits are sent per sample. So the data rates is 8000 samples / sec * 2 bits = 16000bits / sec = 16kbps.
The maximum data rate of a noiseless channel can be calculated using the Nyquist formula: Data rate = 2 x bandwidth x log2(L) where L is the number of levels per sample. For QPSK with 2 bits per sample, L = 4 (since each sample can represent 2^2 = 4 levels), so the data rate would be 2 x 4 kHz x log2(4) = 16 kbps.
Performing Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) involves three main steps: sampling, quantization, and encoding. Sampling is the process of measuring the analog signal at regular intervals. Quantization involves rounding the sampled values to a limited number of discrete levels. Encoding then converts the quantized values into a binary format for transmission or storage.
The conversion of letters, sounds, and images into electrical signals is called digital encoding. This process essentially translates analog data into a digital format that can be easily transmitted and processed by electronic devices.
Analog
The analog to evening is dusk, and the analog to morning is dawn. Dusk refers to the period just after sunset, while dawn refers to the period just before sunrise.
Analog clocks show the time; they don't process information.
There are four possible combinations of encoding techniques -Digital data, digital signal -Digital data, analog signal -Analog data, digital signal -Analog data, analog signal
Transverse waves exist in both digital and analog forms. The nature of the wave itself (transverse) is independent of whether the signal it carries is digital or analog. The modulation or encoding of the wave determines whether it is digital or analog.
Encoding: The way in which the computer data is represented is known as encoding, there are several encoding techniques (Unipolar, Bipolar and Biphase).Modulation: Modulation is the method of changing some of the characteristics of the message signal so that it can be transmitted to comparatively large distance without(least) getting affected by noise or unwanted signals.Encoding: The way in which the computer data is represented is known as encoding, there are several encoding techniques (Unipolar, Bipolar and Biphase).Modulation: Modulation is the method of changing some of the characteristics of the message signal so that it can be transmitted to comparatively large distance without(least) getting affected by noise or unwanted signalsEncoding : Digital or Analog data --> Digital signalmodulation : Digital or Analog data --> Analog signal
Yes. The stages are Sampling, Quantizing and Encoding (in that order)
No, Pulse Code Modulation is a communication method used to carry digital data but is not part of any analog to digital conversion. PCM is often used to carry audio data as a digital stream and therefore is the encoding used as the signal is first converted to a digital format.
PCM is preferable because of better SNR characteristics.
n Digital data, digital signal n Equipment less complex and expensive than digital-to-analog modulation equipment n Analog data, digital signal n Permits use of modern digital transmission and switching equipment n Digital data, analog signal n Some transmission media will only propagate analog signals n E.g., optical fiber and unguided media n Analog data, analog signal n Analog data in electrical form can be transmitted easily and cheaply
ANALOG:continuous,rate of transmission is slow,less reliable 2 transmit,more noise,interference is more DIGITAL:non continuous,rate of transmission is fast,more reliable 2 transmit,less noise,interference is less
Unfortunately that varies with the model of VOM, consult the users manual.
NSTC is the old analog system of encoding over-the-air television used in the US. ASTC is the new digital system for over-the-air television.
101.7 kph in a GPS, and 122 kph on analog speedometer
Performing Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) involves three main steps: sampling, quantization, and encoding. Sampling is the process of measuring the analog signal at regular intervals. Quantization involves rounding the sampled values to a limited number of discrete levels. Encoding then converts the quantized values into a binary format for transmission or storage.