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Because they have many electron shells.
As you move down a group on the periodic table, the first ionization energy generally decreases due to the increasing atomic size and shielding effect of inner electrons. Across a period, the first ionization energy generally increases because the effective nuclear charge increases, making it harder to remove an electron.
Electron shielding primarily affects the effective nuclear charge experienced by valence electrons in an atom. It reduces the attraction between the valence electrons and the nucleus, leading to a decrease in the ionization energy and atomic size of the atom. Additionally, electron shielding can influence the chemical reactivity of an element by affecting the ease with which valence electrons can participate in bonding.
The shielding effect trend refers to the ability of inner-shell electrons to shield outer-shell electrons from the attraction of the nucleus. As you move across a period in the periodic table, the shielding effect remains relatively constant while the nuclear charge increases, leading to stronger nuclear attraction on outer-shell electrons. This results in a decreased shielding effect down a group and an increase in effective nuclear charge.
Electron shielding reduces the effective nuclear charge experienced by outer electrons, making it easier to remove them from an atom. As a result, it decreases the ionization energy required to remove an electron.
The shielding effect is more noticeable on metals because they have more loosely held electrons in their outer shells that can effectively shield the inner electrons from the nuclear charge. In contrast, non-metals tend to have stronger attractions between their electrons and nucleus, making the shielding effect less pronounced.
Ionization energies decrease moving down a group, because the shielding effect reduces the pull of the nucleus on valence electrons. Making them easier to remove.
Because they have many electron shells.
Both Group IA and IIA elements have low ionization energies because they have one or two valence electrons that are easily removed. Group IA elements have a lower ionization energy compared to Group IIA elements due to the increased distance from the nucleus and increased shielding effect in Group IA.
Na have higher shielding effect than Li *According to my chemistry book
YES
The shielding effect reduces the ionization energy and so makes cation formation easier.
The shielding effect in chemistry refers to inner electrons shielding outer electrons from the attraction of the nucleus in an atom. This results in a decrease in the effective nuclear charge felt by the outer electrons, leading to changes in atomic and chemical properties such as ionization energy and atomic size in elements across a period.
Electron shielding primarily affects the effective nuclear charge experienced by valence electrons in an atom. It reduces the attraction between the valence electrons and the nucleus, leading to a decrease in the ionization energy and atomic size of the atom. Additionally, electron shielding can influence the chemical reactivity of an element by affecting the ease with which valence electrons can participate in bonding.
Electron shielding reduces the effective nuclear charge experienced by outer electrons, making it easier to remove them from an atom. As a result, it decreases the ionization energy required to remove an electron.
The shielding effect trend refers to the ability of inner-shell electrons to shield outer-shell electrons from the attraction of the nucleus. As you move across a period in the periodic table, the shielding effect remains relatively constant while the nuclear charge increases, leading to stronger nuclear attraction on outer-shell electrons. This results in a decreased shielding effect down a group and an increase in effective nuclear charge.
The order of shielding effect in orbitals is s < p < d < f. This means that electrons in s orbitals experience the least shielding from electrons in other orbitals, while electrons in f orbitals experience the most shielding.