Answer #1:
In a way there is no answer; there are infinitely many lines of latitude. Latitude
is simply the measure, in degrees and calculated from the center of the earth,
of how far north or south you are, with zero degrees at the equator.
If you want to restrict the question to whole degrees, the answer would be
178 lines (circles really; they look straight on some projections, but they are
really circles that go through all the degrees of longitude while remaining
parallel to the equator). There are 179 and not 180, because 90 degrees north
latitude is a point (north pole) and not a line (circle), 90 degrees south is also
a line, and the equator, zero degrees, counts for one.
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Answer #2:
Taking the question literally at its word, let's briefly discuss how many lines of
latitude there are 'on a map'.
Answer #1 explained nicely that there are an infinite number of latitudes on
the Earth. So what about on a map ?
The answer is: As many as the map publisher decided to print. There may be a
line printed each 30 degrees, or one for each 15 degrees, or each 10 degrees.
Or, you might very well have a map, or a globe, with no lines printed on it at all.
I use mapping software that can print 324,000 lines of latitude if I want to see
them. The hooker is that when I turn them all on, I can't see anything under
them on the map.
The question is a lot like asking "How many equally spaced marks are there
on a ruler ?", and the answer is: Different rulers have coarser or finer sets
of marks. It just depends on how long the ruler is, and also, I guess, how
much you paid for it.
All the way once around the globe is defined as 360 degrees. You're free
to draw as few or as many lines on your map as you want in that range.
There is no standard set of "lines" that everybody is required to use.
They're just marks that some manufacturers print on their maps and globes,
and others don't.
Personally, I use software that can display 648,000 lines around the globe
if I want to see them. That's one roughly every 200 feet north or south, all
around the Earth. Usually, I don't need that many. And if the spot I'm looking
at falls between two of those lines, I estimate the latitude between those
two numbers.
That's like asking "How many marks are there on the whole ruler ?"
Don't get hung up on 'lines'. Latitude is an angle, between the equator and the place
you're interested in. The full range of latitude on Earth is 180 degrees ... between
the north pole and south pole. The latitudes are numbered from zero at the equator
to "90 degrees north" at the north pole, and "90 degrees south" at the south pole.
Some maps and globes print a few labeled lines at some latitudes, and some don't.
If you look at a few different maps and globes, you'll see that the number of lines
they print is not always the same. Some have a line printed every 30 degrees, some
have a line every 15 degrees, and some have a line printed every 10 degrees. There
no standard set of 'lines', and some maps and globes have no lines printed on them
at all.
A 'line' can be printed at any latitude you choose, like the one through your kitchen.
There is no "How many ?" of them.
The area between the poles can be divided into an infinite number of latitudes.
That's like asking "How many different lengths are there on a 1 foot ruler ?"
The difference in latitude between the north and south poles is 180 degrees.
Different maps and globes have different quantities of lines printed on them,
and some have no lines at all. You're welcome to draw as many lines on your
map, at as few or as many different latitudes, as you're comfortable with.
There are 180 degrees of latitude on Earth ... from 90 south at the south pole, to zero
at the equator, to 90 north at the north pole. You're free to draw as few or as many lines
in your depiction of that range as you feel comfortable with. There is no standard set of
"lines" that everybody has to use.
If you give me two different latitudes, then no matter how close together they are, there's
always another latitude in between them. In fact, there are an infinite number of other
latitudes between them.
Lines of latitude on a polar projection map radiate outward from the center towards the edges of the map. On a polar projection map, the North Pole is typically at the center, while lines of latitude move southward towards the map edges.
grid lines of longitude and latitude
They are the horizontal lines on a map.
A map with parallel lines of latitude and longitude is known as a Mercator projection map. This type of map is often used for navigation purposes due to its representation of straight lines of latitude and longitude, making it easier to measure distances and plot courses. However, the Mercator projection distorts the size of landmasses, especially near the poles.
The lines on a map or globe that go vertically and match with the lines of latitude to tell the exact pin points of a place.
The lines that intercept latitude lines are lines of longitude.
The latitude lines printed on a map will depend on the scale of the map. A map of the Earth will probably have latitude lines printed every 15 or 30 degrees; a map of the United States will have latitude lines printed every 5 or 10 degrees.
On a map, longitude lines go up and down, AKA vertically. Latitude lines are horizontal lines on a map.
longitude
Parallel lines found on a map correspond to latitude.
The lines that are perpendicular to the latitude lines on a map are called longitudinal lines. There are 24 of them, each representing 15 degrees of change.
There can be various lines on a map, but the ones you are probably thinking of are 'latitude' and 'longitude'.
Lines of latitude on a polar projection map radiate outward from the center towards the edges of the map. On a polar projection map, the North Pole is typically at the center, while lines of latitude move southward towards the map edges.
grid lines of longitude and latitude
They are the horizontal lines on a map.
Not all maps show latitude and longitude. On those that do some have horizontal lines indicating where lines of latitude lie, and on the right and left margins of the map these lines will have the latitude they represent marked. Then on some maps the lines are missing but the notations in the margin show where the lined of latitude should be.
Latitude and longitude