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The light of an emission spectrum is produced when electrons in an atom jump from higher energy levels to lower energy levels, emitting photons of specific energies. Each element emits light at characteristic wavelengths and produces a unique emission spectrum, which can be used to identify the element.
The energy difference, between two energy levels, is emitted as a photon, when the electron "falls down" to a lower energy level.
Transitions between electronic energy levels release electromagnetic radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the levels. The heat promotes the electrons to the higher level; when they drop back down to the lower level a specific color of light is emitted.
When 10 electrons drop from the fifth to the second energy level, energy in the form of photons is emitted. The energy of the emitted photon is equal to the difference in energy levels between the initial and final states of the electrons. This process is known as photon emission or de-excitation.
No, atoms do not absorb the same energy. The amount of energy an atom can absorb depends on its electronic structure and the specific energy levels of its electrons. Different atoms have different numbers of electrons and different energy level arrangements, so they will absorb and emit energy at different wavelengths and energies.