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To leave a state and decay to a lower energy state, the electron must lose energy. In metastable states, there are no lower energy state to go to that have strongly allowed transitions (that is simple emission of a photon, diplole transititions) and so the electron must decay by slower, less probable means (like two photon decay, magnetic dipole decay). Hence, it stays in that state for longer.

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1mo ago

Electrons can stay in a metastable state for longer periods by being shielded from external influences that could disrupt their energy levels. This can be achieved by placing the electrons in a controlled environment with minimal interactions with surrounding particles, such as in a vacuum or a low-temperature setting. Additionally, the use of special materials that support long-lived excited states can help prolong the lifetime of metastable electrons.

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Q: How electrons can stay in the metastable state for longer time?
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When an atom is in an excited state, it means that its electrons have absorbed energy and moved to higher energy levels. This can happen through processes like absorbing light or collisions with other particles. The electrons do not stay in this state indefinitely and eventually return to their original, lower energy levels by releasing the absorbed energy in the form of photons.


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