A gamete typically has half the number of chromosomes as a normal body cell. In humans, gametes have 23 chromosomes - 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.
50
Radiation can damage DNA in germ cells, such as eggs and sperm, leading to mutations that can be passed on to future offspring. If the radiation reaches germ cells while they are developing, it could have a significant impact on the genetic information carried by those germ cells, potentially affecting the health and development of future offspring.
The principle is known as the Law of Independent Assortment, first proposed by Gregor Mendel in his experiments with pea plants. It states that the inheritance of one gene/trait is independent of the inheritance of another gene/trait when they are located on different chromosomes.
No. A nerve is made up of neuron cells, and is part of the nervous system. A gemete is a different sort of cell, such as a sperm or egg, that is part of the reproductive system.
The male gamete is the sperm cell, which is small and mobile, allowing it to fertilize the female gamete. The female gamete is the egg cell, also known as the ova, which is larger and contains nutrients to support early development of the embryo. When fertilization occurs, the sperm and egg combine to form a zygote, which develops into a new individual.
A gamete typically has half the number of chromosomes as a normal body cell. In humans, gametes have 23 chromosomes - 22 autosomes and 1 sex chromosome.
50
Radiation can damage DNA in germ cells, such as eggs and sperm, leading to mutations that can be passed on to future offspring. If the radiation reaches germ cells while they are developing, it could have a significant impact on the genetic information carried by those germ cells, potentially affecting the health and development of future offspring.
The principle is known as the Law of Independent Assortment, first proposed by Gregor Mendel in his experiments with pea plants. It states that the inheritance of one gene/trait is independent of the inheritance of another gene/trait when they are located on different chromosomes.
Germ cell mutations can be passed on to offspring, somatic cell mutations cannot
Grendel see text:710Ða com of more under misthleoþumGrendel gongan, godes yrre bær;mynte se manscaða manna cynnessumne besyrwan in sele þam hean.Wod under wolcnum to þæs þe he winreced,715goldsele gumena, gearwost wisse,fættum fahne. Ne wæs þæt forma siðþæt he Hroþgares ham gesohte;næfre he on aldordagum ær ne siþðanheardran hæle, healðegnas fand.720Com þa to recede rinc siðian,dreamum bedæled. Duru sona onarn,fyrbendum fæst, syþðan he hire folmum æthran;onbræd þa bealohydig, ða he gebolgen wæs,recedes muþan. Raþe æfter þon725on fagne flor feond treddode,eode yrremod; him of eagum stodligge gelicost leoht unfæger.Geseah he in recede rinca manige,swefan sibbegedriht samod ætgædere,730magorinca heap. þa his mod ahlog;mynte þæt he gedælde, ærþon dæg cwome,atol aglæca, anra gehwylceslif wið lice, þa him alumpen wæswistfylle wen. Ne wæs þæt wyrd þa gen735þæt he ma moste manna cynnesðicgean ofer þa niht. þryðswyð beheoldmæg Higelaces, hu se manscaðaunder færgripum gefaran wolde.Ne þæt se aglæca yldan þohte,740ac he gefeng hraðe forman siðeslæpendne rinc, slat unwearnum,bat banlocan, blod edrum dranc,synsnædum swealh; sona hæfdeunlyfigendes eal gefeormod,745fet ond folma. Forð near ætstop,nam þa mid handa higeþihtignerinc on ræste, ræhte ongeanfeond mid folme; he onfeng hraþeinwitþancum ond wið earm gesæt.750Sona þæt onfunde fyrena hyrdeþæt he ne mette middangeardes,eorþan sceata, on elran menmundgripe maran. He on mode wearðforht on ferhðe; no þy ær fram meahte.755Hyge wæs him hinfus, wolde on heolster fleon,secan deofla gedræg; ne wæs his drohtoð þærswylce he on ealderdagum ær gemette.Gemunde þa se goda, mæg Higelaces,æfenspræce, uplang astod760ond him fæste wiðfeng; fingras burston.Eoten wæs utweard; eorl furþur stop.Mynte se mæra, þær he meahte swa,widre gewindan ond on weg þanonfleon on fenhopu; wiste his fingra geweald765on grames grapum. þæt wæs geocor siðþæt se hearmscaþa to Heorute ateah.Dryhtsele dynede; Denum eallum wearð,ceasterbuendum, cenra gehwylcum,eorlum ealuscerwen. Yrre wæron begen,770reþe renweardas. Reced hlynsode.þa wæs wundor micel þæt se winselewiðhæfde heaþodeorum, þæt he on hrusan ne feol,fæger foldbold; ac he þæs fæste wæsinnan ond utan irenbendum775searoþoncum besmiþod. þær fram sylle abeagmedubenc monig, mine gefræge,golde geregnad, þær þa graman wunnon.þæs ne wendon ær witan Scyldingaþæt hit a mid gemete manna ænig,780betlic ond banfag, tobrecan meahte,listum tolucan, nymþe liges fæþmswulge on swaþule. Sweg up astagniwe geneahhe; Norðdenum stodatelic egesa, anra gehwylcum785þara þe of wealle wop gehyrdon,gryreleoð galan godes ondsacan,sigeleasne sang, sar wanigeanhelle hæfton. Heold hine fæstese þe manna wæs mægene strengest790on þæm dæge þysses lifes.TranslationTHEN from the moorland, by misty crags,with God's wrath laden, Grendel came.The monster was minded of mankind nowsundry to seize in the stately house.Under welkin he walked, till the wine-palace there,gold-hall of men, he gladly discerned,flashing with fretwork. Not first time, this,that he the home of Hrothgar sought, --yet ne'er in his life-day, late or early,such hardy heroes, such hall-thanes, found!To the house the warrior walked apace,parted from peace;1 the portal opended,though with forged bolts fast, when his fists had struck it,and baleful he burst in his blatant rage,the house's mouth. All hastily, then,o'er fair-paved floor the fiend trod on,ireful he strode; there streamed from his eyesfearful flashes, like flame to see.He spied in hall the hero-band,kin and clansmen clustered asleep,hardy liegemen. Then laughed his heart;for the monster was minded, ere morn should dawn,savage, to sever the soul of each,life from body, since lusty banquetwaited his will! But Wyrd forbade himto seize any more of men on earthafter that evening. Eagerly watchedHygelac's kinsman his cursed foe,how he would fare in fell attack.Not that the monster was minded to pause!Straightway he seized a sleeping warriorfor the first, and tore him fiercely asunder,the bone-frame bit, drank blood in streams,swallowed him piecemeal: swiftly thusthe lifeless corse was clear devoured,e'en feet and hands. Then farther he hied;for the hardy hero with hand he grasped,felt for the foe with fiendish claw,for the hero reclining, -- who clutched it boldly,prompt to answer, propped on his arm.Soon then saw that shepherd-of-evilsthat never he met in this middle-world,in the ways of earth, another wightwith heavier hand-gripe; at heart he feared,sorrowed in soul, -- none the sooner escaped!Fain would he flee, his fastness seek,the den of devils: no doings nowsuch as oft he had done in days of old!Then bethought him the hardy Hygelac-thaneof his boast at evening: up he bounded,grasped firm his foe, whose fingers cracked.The fiend made off, but the earl close followed.The monster meant -- if he might at all --to fling himself free, and far awayfly to the fens, -- knew his fingers' powerin the gripe of the grim one. Gruesome marchto Heorot this monster of harm had made!Din filled the room; the Danes were bereft,castle-dwellers and clansmen all,earls, of their ale. Angry were boththose savage hall-guards: the house resounded.Wonder it was the wine-hall firmin the strain of their struggle stood, to earththe fair house fell not; too fast it waswithin and without by its iron bandscraftily clamped; though there crashed from sillmany a mead-bench -- men have told me --gay with gold, where the grim foes wrestled.So well had weened the wisest Scyldingsthat not ever at all might any manthat bone-decked, brave house break asunder,crush by craft, -- unless clasp of firein smoke engulfed it. -- Again uprosedin redoubled. Danes of the Northwith fear and frenzy were filled, each one,who from the wall that wailing heard,God's foe sounding his grisly song,cry of the conquered, clamorous painfrom captive of hell. Too closely held himhe who of men in might was strongestin that same day of this our life.